反复探究明成祖时期讲官的阅读与翻译习惯中国历史简表图解其重要性
明成祖与讲官的对话：《明成祖问讲官》是一篇古文，通过这篇文章，我们可以窥见君子与小人的差别，“小人骄才而无耻，君子守道而无欲。”在《明成祖问讲官》中，仁宗当时太子曾经侍奉左右，成祖询问讲官：“今日读何书？”回答说：“《论语》，其中既有君子的章节，又有小人的。”接着提出了问题：“为何君子难以进步易退，小人则易于进步却难以退?”讲官解释说：“小人自负其才能，不知羞耻，而君子则遵循道德，无私欲。”又被问到“为何常胜的小人们能夺取优势？”回答说：“因为上位者的喜好和恶心，如在明主之下，上位者必定选择符合道德的人。”最后被再次询问“即使明主在位，也不会用到那些不值一用的小人才吗？”答曰：“确实，有些不可放弃的小人才，只需不断警告他们，不让他们犯错。”
注释：
①警饬：警告、教育。
翻译：
The Dialogue Between Emperor Chengzu and the Official: The text is a classical Chinese essay, which describes the difference between the noble and the ignoble. “The ignoble flaunt their talents with no shame, while the noble uphold virtue with no desire.” In this dialogue, Zhu Di (Emperor Chengzu) asks an official during his reign: “What book are you reading today?” The official replies, “It is Mencius. There are chapters about both nobles and ignobles in it.” Then he poses another question: “Why do nobles find it difficult to advance but easy to retreat, while ignobles can advance easily but struggle to retreat?” The official explains that “ignobles boast of their abilities without shame,” whereas “nobles adhere to virtue without desire.” When asked why those who often prevail are usually ignoble, he responds that they gain favor from those above them like a wise ruler would choose virtuous individuals. Finally, when questioned if even a wise ruler would not employ unworthy officials despite being in power, he answers that there may be some talented yet unworthy officials who must always be reminded lest they commit errors.
Questions:
What does "成祖顾问讲官" mean? (Answer)
What does "君子守道而无欲" imply? (Answer)
Why is it said that "small people easily progress but find it hard to regress"? (Answer)
Do you agree or disagree with Confucius's idea expressed in 《出师表》that one should distance oneself from small-minded people? Explain your perspective.
Answers:
It means asking for advice.
It implies adhering to moral principles and having no personal desires.
Because small people take pride in their abilities without feeling ashamed.
4.Agree
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