反复探究宋朝简介及历史概述明成祖深入询问讲官关于阅读与翻译的智慧
明成祖面对讲官，提出了《明成祖问讲官》的探讨，这篇文章深刻揭示了品德高下的区别。文中记载，仁宗在位期间曾经侍奉于太子之侧，成祖征询讲官：“今日所读何书？”讲官答以：“《论语》中的君子与小人的共通之处。”随后，明成祖又询问：“为什么君子难以进步而易于倒退，小人则易于进步却难以倒退？”讲官解释说：“小人因其才华不自持而无耻，而君子则守道行义而无私欲。”接着，明成祖进一步提出问题：“为何小人常胜？”讲官回答说：“这源于上层统治者好恶的偏颇，如有智慧的帝王在位，那么必定是君子胜出。”最后，他被再次问及“如有智慧的帝王在位，都不会用到小人才是吗？”，他回应道：“确实，小人们或许有一些不可忽视的地方，但必须时刻警惕，不让他们犯错。”
注释：警饬，即告诫和警醒。
翻译：The Emperor asked the official about reading and translation, and the official replied that it was a passage from the Analects. The Emperor then asked why it was difficult for the noble to advance but easy to retreat, while it was easy for the ignoble to advance but difficult to retreat. The official explained that this was because the ignoble were proud of their talents and had no shame, while the noble upheld virtue and had no desires. The Emperor further inquired about why evil people often prevailed, and the official replied that this was due to favoritism among rulers; with a wise ruler in place, nobles would prevail. Finally, when asked if even a wise ruler would not employ evil people at all times, he answered that though there might be some virtues in them which could not be ignored, they must always be kept under surveillance lest they commit mistakes.
练习：
Explain what each underlined phrase means.
(1) "The Emperor consulted an official"
(2) "Nobles uphold virtue without desire"
Interpret these underlined sentences using modern Chinese:
A person who is virtuous yet has many talents may still have room for improvement.
Why are “ignoble” people easily promoted but hard to dismiss?
Answer: According to original text
In Sun Quan's Outing Table speech by Zhuge Liang in Three Kingdoms Records 30th year of Jian'an period during Eastern Han Dynasty（184 AD）mainly advocated against employing small men （small men refer here as those who are untrustworthy or morally corrupt）in government positions whereas this article suggests otherwise on using small men according your opinion? If you agree with either side or neither side please explain your view point.
Answer:
1、(1) Look
(2) Ethics and truth
2、There are indeed merits in unworthy individuals which should not be overlooked; we need constantly remind them so as not let them make any blunders.
3、Ignorant individuals flaunt their abilities without modesty
4., Presenting logical arguments suffices
