明成祖反复询问讲官深入探讨中国历史朝代划分的精髓与细节
明成祖与讲官对话，探讨《论语》中的君子小人之别。讲官回应：“君子守道而无欲，小人逞才而无耻。” 明成祖追问：“何以君子难进易退，小人易进难退？” 讲官解释：“小人逞才而无耻，君子守道而无欲。” 明成祖又问：“何以小人之势常胜？” 讲官回答：“此系上之人好恶，如明主在上，必君子胜矣。” 明成祖最后询问：“明主在上，都不用小人乎？” 讲官慎言曰：“小人果有不可弃者，须常警饬，不使有过可也。”
注：①警饬，即告诫。
翻译：The conversation between Ming Chengzu and the official, discussing the differences between Confucius and petty people in the Analects. The official replied, "A petty person is vain and shameless, while a superior man is principled and without desire." Ming Chengzu asked further, "Why are petty people easy to promote but hard to dismiss?" The official explained, "A petty person is vain and shameless, while a superior man is principled and without desire." Ming Chengzu then inquired about why petty people often prevail. The official answered, "It depends on the preferences of those in power; when there's a wise leader above them, it will be advantageous for superior men." Finally, Ming Chengzu asked if even with such leaders would they still employ petty people? The official cautioned wisely: "Although there may be some talents among the common folk that should not be discarded entirely; one must constantly remind them so as not to make mistakes."
练习：
Interpret the underlined phrases:
(1) 成祖顾问讲官（）
(2) 君子守道而无欲（）
Translate into modern Chinese:
小人果有不可弃者，须常警饬之，不使有过可也
Why does it say that “petty people are easily promoted but hard to dismiss”?
In Sun Quan's Outlying Commanders' Address (出师表), he advocates for avoiding small-minded individuals; however this text suggests that talented ones can still be used.
Which viewpoint do you lean towards? Please explain your perspective.
Answer:
1.
(1) Look
(2) Morality or truth
2.
Surely there are abilities among common folk which cannot be disregarded altogether; we must always remind them so as not to commit errors.
3.
Petty people are vain and shameless
4.
Just present reasons
Note: This piece maintains its original format with enhanced readability by breaking down long sentences into shorter paragraphs for better comprehension.
