明成祖反复询问讲官深究唐高祖李渊与隋炀帝间的关系而讲官则细致阅读及准确翻译
明成祖与讲官的对话:《明成祖问讲官》是一篇文言文,这篇文章深刻揭示了君子与小人的本质差异。明成祖曾询问讲官:“今日谈论何书?”讲官答道:“《论语》中有关于君子和小人共存的章节。”接着,明成祖追问:“为什么君子难以进步而易于退却,小人则易于进步而难以退却?”讲官解释说:“小人之所以如此,是因为他们自负而无耻;反观君子,他们守持正道而无私欲。”又被问及“为何小人才常胜不败”,讲官回答说:“这缘于上位者的喜好和偏爱,就如同有明智之主在位,必将选择德行高尚的人。”最后,明成祖再次询问是否所有的小人都不可用时,讲 官提出警告说:“虽然存在不可放弃的小人才,只要我们始终保持警惕,不让他们犯错,那么就可以了。”
注释:
①警饬:提醒、告诫。
翻译:
The dialogue between Emperor Chengzu and the official: The text "Emperor Chengzu Asks an Official" is a piece of classical Chinese literature, which reveals the fundamental differences between the noble and the petty. Emperor Chengzu once asked an official, "What book shall we discuss today?" The official replied, "There are chapters in 'Analects' that describe both noble and petty people." Then Emperor Chengzu further questioned, "Why do noble men find it difficult to advance but easy to retreat while petty men find it easy to advance but difficult to retreat?" The official explained, "It's because petty men are self-conceited and shameless; on the contrary, noble men adhere to their moral principles without selfish desires." When asked why petty men often triumph over others, the official responded, "This is due to those in power preferring or disliking certain individuals. Just as with a wise ruler at the helm who will favor virtuous individuals." Finally, when Emperor Chengzu inquired whether all petty men were useless for any position he was told by the official that although there may be some talents among them that cannot be discarded one must always remain vigilant so they don't make mistakes.
练习:
Interpret words marked with lines.
(1) Why did Emperor Chengzu consult an officer?
(2) What does it mean by "noble man adheres to his way without desire"?
Explain these marked sentences using modern Chinese.
A man of virtue indeed has abilities that cannot be abandoned; we should constantly remind him not allowing him to make mistakes.
Why is it said that “petty man finds it easy to advance but difficult to retreat”?
In Sun Quan's 'Address Before Embarking on Military Operations', he advocates for avoiding small people; however this passage suggests even small people can be used effectively? Which view do you lean towards? Share your thoughts.
Answers:
1,
(2)
Dignity
2,
A person who possesses irreplaceable qualities must continually receive reminders so as not commit errors.
3,
Petty man finds it easy advancement yet hard retrenchment due his arrogance devoid of shame.
4,
Explain with reason sufficient